需要价值论
—— 一种可量化说明的价值理论
作者:苗福生
2008年6月
内容提要:本文提出了一个新的价值理论——需要价值论。该理论指出:物品内含的“人的需要”是价值的实体。它通过“需要物品”客观、量化地表现出来。单位需要物品就是单位“人的需要”的物化表现。通过“需要量/供给量”所计算出的供求比例同时就是单位供给物品内含的“人的需要”量,也即是物品的单位价值量。价值量比较——“价高(或价低)者得”或“等量交换”——是交换活动成交的原因。价格不过是物品单位价值量的货币表现形式。这一新理论指出了价值在物物交换过程和物物交换到货币价格交换发展过程中的重要作用;解决了价值的度量问题;揭示了价值价格理论与市场供需关系的密切联系;并实现了价值理论与均衡价格理论的对接。
关键词: 价值 价值量 价格 人的需要
Demand Theory of Value
---- A value theory which can be explained quantitatively
Summary: This paper tries to put forward a new value theory – demand theory of value. It points out that “person’s demand” containing in product is the entity of value. It gets appearance objectively and quantitatively through “demand product”. A unit of demand product is the materialization of a unit of “person’s demand”. The rate of “demand quantity /supply quantity” is, at the same time, the quantity of "person's demand" embodied in a unit of product supplied, that is, the unit quantity of value of the product. Quantitative comparison of values —— “exchange to same value" ——is the reason for realized exchange activity. Price, however, is the monetary manifestation of value of a product unit. This new theory can explain the functions of value performing in the development process of exchange activity from barter to with monetary instruments. It may solve the problem of value measurement, set up the logic relations of value and price with supply-demand interactions in markets and also combine the theory of value with theory of equilibrium price.
Keyword: Value , Value Quantity , Price , Person’s Demand
JEL Classification: D010 , D460 , D510